This study aims to investigate the relation between the internal performance measures that depending on the accounting numbers (Return on Assets, Return on Equity and Earning per Share) and external performance measures that depending on market valuation for the firm, we used Market Value Added (EVA) that considered an important measure for owners wealth and wealth growth, depending on the Jordanian banks information's, the sample consists of thirteen banks during the study period 2005-2007. After conducting the statistical tests like correlation and regression and depending on T. test results, the research found a relation between the internal performance measures and MVA as external performance measure , that relation was vary from variable to another, and wasn't significant except when studying Earning per Share (EPS) which had a significant relation with Market Value Added (EVA), these results may give an indicator to where the Jordanian investors pay there attention (earning not operational performance).

This research explores the problem of weakness of creative research productivity of Arab researchers in their social and human fields, with a focus on business research. The main purpose of this study is to find out the core hindrances to creative research productivity, present its main symptoms and to suggest a framework for treatment. The study adopts the descriptive methodology in the light of what the study has called “cultural civilizational critical approach”. After showing how creativity is so imperative in all academic fields, the study concludes that there are three main symptoms: (1) weakness of creativity in establishing new theories and models, (2) the dominance of quantitative studies, and (3) weakness of creativity in building new terms. The study determines three core hindrances: (1) not stemming from the Arabic Islamic civilizational framework, (2) not developing the Islamic epistemological approach, and (3) the weakness of the sense of cultural pride or cultural distinctiveness and self-esteem that reflects the extent to which Arab researchers can culturally, psychologically and conceptually accept theories and models which are inconsistent with their civilizational cultural framework. Three practical solutions were suggested: (1) producing creative researcher, (2) enhancing qualitative research, and (3) establishing terminology in the business field. Finally, a number of recommendations were put forward which can be of value to both future research and academic and cultural institutions.

The research problem is twofold: the first deals with the inadequacy of the four dimensions of balanced scorecard system (BSCS) (financial, customer, internal business processes, growth and innovation), the second addresses the apparent lack of accounting studies and research on the measurement of the relative importance of dimensions of BSCS and of the measurement of the relative importance of performance indicators for each of these dimensions. The objectives of this research can be divided into three axes. The first is to provide a conceptual framework that includes the analysis of the efforts of researchers towards measuring and evaluating the BSCS, in terms of the principles and foundations that must be considered when it is used, its relationship to strategic planning, its functions, and its general applications. The second is to build a comprehensive model to measure and evaluate the BSCS. The third is to give the model the applicability property by relying on an appropriate statistical method that is the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to measure the relative importance of dimensions and performance indicators. The current research proves the validity of two Hypotheses. The first hypothesis indicates that the use of a system to measure and evaluate the BSCS leads to acquisition of the comprehension characteristic by increasing coverage in the dimensions, to increase the general nature of the economic units that use it, and to increase the effectiveness of measurement and evaluation of performance in managerial accounting. The second hypothesis involves the assumption that reliance on the Analytic Hierarchy Process can lead to increasing the credibility and objectivity of the provisions of the relative importance of the dimensions of the system and performance indicators. Accordingly, the research plan included three axes to demonstrate and evaluate the previous studies. The first group of studies covers the nature of BSCS and its relationship to strategic planning. The second group of studies covers the coverage of the dimensions in the BSCS. The third group of studies attempts to develop the process of measurement and evaluation. The current empirical study used a deliberately chosen sample of experts working in the field of performance measurement using BSCS to apply the Analytic Hierarchy Process in two phases, the first is to quantify the relative importance of the seven dimensions that have been suggested by previous research and the second is to determine the amount of the relative importance of performance indicators for measuring and evaluating each of the seven dimensions. Also, the current study extended to include how to calculate the degree of consistency among the experts interviewed for judging the credibility of their judgments. The current study highlighted a distinct group of findings and recommendations, which can add an acceptable and satisfactory solutions to measure and evaluate the BSCS, both in the scope of the amount of the relative importance of the dimensions and indicators. The study was also characterized by showing a number of topics that could be fertile ground for future research.

Most recent studies in this field agree on the spread of the impact of the financial crisis that began from the Western economies to developing countries. The degree of this effect depends on the level of international trade and the size of foreign investment. In this study, a Moving-window Correlation analysis confirmed the link between the economic cycle in Egypt with its counterpart in both of the European Union and the United States. It is noted, however, that this link relaxed for a brief period during the heyday crisis. We suggest that this is explained by the application of temporary governmental policies to show a status of Economic stability. The regression analysis aims at the assessment of the impact of the current global crisis on the performance of the Egyptian economy in the light of its close commercial relationships with both the European Union and the United States. The results of the analysis show that the imbalances of the Egyptian economy during the period that passed from the crisis cannot be attributed directly to the business and financial relationship with the European Union and the United States. These imbalances represent continuous situation of the Egyptian economy before the crisis period, and may partially linked to indirect means such as lack of transfers from workers abroad and the weakness of tourism activity.

Mobile service industry is considered now as one of the fastest growing industries in Egypt . Until now, there are only three companies competing in that industry, so marketing communications may play an important role in attracting ,retaining and growing customers in that field. This study aimed to examine the impact of controlled and uncontrolled marketing communications and also brand name on the consumer responses towards mobile service companies brand. To achieve this objective ,The study examined developed conceptual framework to explain the consumer responses - such as satisfaction, attitude and intention to use the brand- which may affected by marketing communications and brand name of mobile service companies in Egypt. Based on this framework , Three hypothesizes were tested by using set of data collected from sample involved 1081 respondents. The respondents were consumers from Alexandria and Cairo which considered as two of the biggest countries in Egypt. The analysis shows specific results which could be summarized as follow: -There are relative high degree of satisfaction, attitude and intention to use the brand of the studied companies. - The marketing communications and brand name which related to mobile service companies in Egypt influence on customer satisfaction, attitude and intention to use the brand of these companies. -The uncontrolled marketing communications variable has the most impact in explaining the variance in brand satisfaction, while controlled marketing communications and brand name have little impact on brand satisfaction. -The controlled marketing communications variable has the most impact in explaining the variance in either brand attitude and intentions to use the brand ,while uncontrolled marketing communications and brand name have little impact on that responses.