Ethical standards for publication exist to ensure high-quality scientific publications, public trust in scientific findings, and that people receive credit for their work and ideas.

Whenever editorial board of JAES feels necessary, the research paper will be referred to the Research Ethic Committee of Qassim University for its evaluation and approval.

The journal and its editorial board are adhered to the principles of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) https://publicationethics.org/

 

Authorship

1. All authors should have made substantial contributions to all or one of the followings:

- The study design, or acquisition of data,

- Analysis and interpretation of data,

- Drafting the article or revising it critically for important intellectual content,

- Final approval of the version to be submitted.

2. The corresponding author must make sure that the submission has been agreed by all authors. All authors have to sign the “Authors’ agreement Form” “Authorship, Contribution and Copyright Agreement” which is also signed by the corresponding author.
3. The corresponding author is responsible for ensuring that all authors are aware of their obligations.
4. Authors should carefully consider the list and order of authors before submitting their manuscript and provide the full list of authors at the time of the first submission.
5. Any amendment to the author list (including re-arrangement, addition and deletion) should be made only prior to the acceptance of the manuscript.
6. Any changes in the authors’ list (prior to the acceptance of the manuscript) must be accompanied by the reason for this action and the agreement of all authors. This must be mentioned in a letter to the editor in the process of the submission of the revised manuscript and must be signed by all authors.
7. If the manuscript has already been published, no requests for authorship amendment will be considered.
8. Submissions by anyone other than one of the authors will not be considered.

 

Acknowledgement

All contributors who do not have authorship and provide unpaid assistance should be acknowledged, with their permission, at the end of the text before the references.

 

Declarations and Conflict of Interest

1. Conflicts of interest (COIs) occur when issues outside research could be reasonably perceived to affect the neutrality or objectivity of the work or its assessment.
2. All authors must mention any financial and personal relationship with organization or people may affect or bias their work.
3. All sources of funding, sponsoring or COIs should be declared after the acknowledgement section under clear heading.
4. If unsure, declare a potential interest or discuss with the editorial office. Undeclared interests may incur sanctions.
5. Submissions with undeclared conflicts that are later revealed may be rejected, or if published be retracted.
6. Upon submission you will be required to complete and upload the “Declaration Form” to declare funding and conflict of interest.
7. If there are no interests to be declared, the authors will state this: “We hereby declare that none of the authors has any competing financial or conflict of interest”.
8. COIs do not always stop work from being published or prevent someone from being involved in the review process. However, they must be declared. A clear declaration of all possible conflicts - whether they actually had an influence or not - allows others to make informed decisions about the work and its review process.

Conflicts include the following:

• Financial: funding and other payments, goods and services received or expected by the authors relating to the subject of the work or from an organization with an interest in the outcome of the work.
• Affiliations: being employed by, on the advisory board for, or a member of an organization with an interest in the outcome of the work.
• Intellectual property: patents or trademarks owned by someone or their organization.
• Personal: friends, family, relationships, and other close personal connections.
• Ideology: beliefs or activism, for example, political or religious, relevant to the work.
• Academic: competitors or someone whose work is critiqued.

 

Duplicate submission and redundant publication

JAES consider only original content, i.e. articles that have not been previously published, including in a language other than English. Articles based on content previously made public only on a preprint server, institutional repository, or in a thesis will be considered.

Submitted manuscripts must not be submitted elsewhere while under consideration and must be withdrawn before being submitted elsewhere. Authors whose articles are found to have been simultaneously submitted elsewhere may incur sanctions.

If authors have used their own previously published work, or work that is currently under review, as the basis for a submitted manuscript, they must cite the previous articles and indicate how their submitted manuscript differs from their previous work. Reuse of the authors’ own words outside the Methods should be attributed or quoted in the text. Reuse of the authors’ own figures or substantial amounts of wording may require permission from the copyright holder and the authors are responsible for obtaining this.

We will consider extended versions of articles published at conferences provided this is declared in the cover letter, the previous version is clearly cited and discussed, there is significant new content, and any necessary permissions are obtained.

Redundant publication, the inappropriate division of study outcomes into more than one article (also known as salami slicing), may result in rejection or a request to merge submitted manuscripts, and the correction of published articles. Duplicate publication of the same, or a very similar, article may result in the retraction of the later article and the authors may incur sanctions.

 

Fabrication and falsification

The authors of submitted manuscripts or published articles that are found to have fabricated or falsified the results, including the manipulation of images, may incur sanctions, and published articles may be retracted.

 

Sanctions

If JAES becomes aware of breaches of our publication ethics policies, the following sanctions may be applied:

- Rejection of the manuscript and any other manuscripts submitted by the author(s).

- Not allowing submission for 1–3 years.

- Prohibition from acting as an editor or reviewer.