This study aimed to show the impact of the foreign exchange rate on the Jordanian trade balance during the period (2000-2019) by showing the impact of both (real US dollar exchange rate, nominal exchange rate of the pound sterling, nominal euro exchange rate) on the Jordanian trade balance, and both the descriptive and analytical approach was used using the method of ARDL. The results of the Augmented – Dickey Fuller Test (ADF) showed the stationary the study variables at the first difference, and the Johansen Co-integration Test and the Bounds Test for co-integration showed a long-term co-integrative relationship between the study variables. The results of the study also showed a statistically significant positive effect of (real US dollar exchange rate, nominal exchange rate of the pound sterling, nominal euro exchange rate) on the Jordanian trade balance.

The purpose of this study to explore moral and ethical issues regarding labor and labor market from the Islamic perspective as compared to the conventional economics. Admittedly, these matters have been found to be overlooked in both the conventional and Islamic economics’ literatures. Hence, this study presents a comparative analysis of those issues and discusses them specifically in terms of Islamic economics. The methodology employed in this study is via the inductive approach. Consequently, a major finding of this study is that Islamic labor market is entirely different from the free market due to its inimitable moral and ethical values. It also reveals that Islamic labor market considers labor not as a commodity per se but as an asset or resource that could be capitalized amicably. Furthermore, this study highlights that actually market forces do not determine wages but are in fact influenced by the skills and abilities of workers and more importantly by the moral and ethical values of the society. Unlike the conventional labor market, Islamic labor market considers the social-entrepreneurial responsibility as mutually crucial. These findings are expected to have several significant policy implications to policymakers for the benefit of consumers. Therefore, future research should duly acknowledge this fact.

The aim of this study is to test the hypothesis of nonlinearity in the relationship between the rate of trade openness and economic growth under different income conditions. This study used data for the period 1980-2020 for three groups: high-income, upper-middle-income, and lower-middle-income countries. The study also relied on the development of Khan and Senhadji (2001)model to estimate the optimum rate. This development allowed for estimating several hundreds of equations and comparing them to choose the optimum trade openness rate. The study found that the optimal rate of openness varies among different international income groups, as it is 92.9% in rich countries and 61.5% in middle-upper-income countries. It was also found that the relationship between openness and growth in rich countries is represented by a J curve, while the same relationship in upper-middle-income countries can be represented by an inverted parabola (with an extreme limit). The study recommends that middle-income countries wait to accept or be dragged behind calls for open trade as an ideal recipe for economic growth.

The study aims to identify the mediating role of management information systems in the relationship of crisis management with administrative decision-making. The problem of the study was whether there is an impact of crisis management activities on administrative decision-making, and through management information systems at Zarqa Al-Ahliyya University in the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. The study used the descriptive and analytical approach. The study population consists of (350) faculty members and a random sample was taken from the study population amounting to (188) members. The study reached several results, the most important of which are: that all the values of direct effects between crisis management as an independent variable and management information systems as an intermediate variable and management decision-making as a dependent variable are direct and moral effects, as the probability values reached (0.000), which is lower than the level of morale of (0.05). The intermediate variable (management information systems) mediates the relationship between the independent variable (crisis management) and the dependent variable (management decision-making) in part. The deans of the faculties at Zarqa Al-Ahliyya University also have theoretical and practical knowledge of crisis management activities, as they are able to intervene in a timely manner in crisis management, Also, the value of the indirect effect between (crisis management and administrative decision-making) is (0.722), which is greater than the value of the direct effect between them, which is (0.052). This means that the intermediate variable (management information systems) mediates the relationship between the independent variable (crisis management) and the dependent variable. (Making administrative decisions) in part.

In regards to data protection, securing medical content must achieve a balance between several factors such as data confidentiality, data integrity, data availability, etc. Health Information Systems (HIS) has been identified for a few years, since establishments have largely computerized their healthcare process and biomedical devices have been developed incorporating complex computer systems. Access to patient information has become purely electronic through Electronic Patient Record (EPR). These records contain information in different formats (textual, images, videos). In the case of securing medical images which is the subject of this paper, it is imperative to find solutions with a tradeoff between the security degree and its complexity in terms of computation time. In this paper, we propose a new approach for medical images watermarking that addresses the problem described above by preserving an acceptable tradeoff between security and complexity. This approach is based on the N-grams technique, with the aim to watermark only the regions of interest (ROI) within the host image. This approach has proven its efficiency in Natural Language Processing (NLP). The results obtained are very encouraging and will be detailed in this paper in terms of imperceptibility, execution time and robustness. For the imperceptibility most of PSNR results are well over 40dB. Regarding the robustness, the values of the normalized correlation coefficients are mostly close to 1. According to these two metrics we can conclude that the proposed watermarking scheme is well imperceptible and robust.