This study aims to determine the extent to which Egyptian and Saudi consumers comprehend the concept of e-shopping, and how often e-shopping is used in those nations. In addition, the study will explore benefits of, and difficulties to, participating in the e-shopping process. The study uses the descriptive method. The essential data has been collected using questionnaires filled out by a sample of final consumers in Egypt and Saudi Arabia. The sample size is 600 (300 from each country) and the response rate is 75%. The most important finding is that some Egyptian and Saudi consumers understand the concept of e-shopping, while others are confused between e-shopping and other electronic concepts. Compared to other usages of the internet and varieties of shopping, e-shopping is used very rarely by both Egyptian and Saudi consumers. There are a number of benefits, and some difficulties, that factor into Egyptian and Saudi consumers’ use of e-shopping. To address these, the study provides a list of recommendations .

This study aims to investigate the impact of working capital management on the performance of Saudi Public Shareholding industrial companies during the time period (2000-2010). The study sample consisted of fifteen companies During the period 2000-2010. The study has used two accounting measures of performance including return on assets (ROA) and return on equity (ROE). The independent variables include cash conversion cycle as a measure of working capital management (WCM), in addition to four control variables that are; leverage ratio (LEV), the current ratio (CR), sales growth rate (SG), and company's size. Using panel data regression, the study found that working capital management has a negative and significant impact on the performance of Saudi Industrial companies, meaning that the increase in cash conversion cycle reduces the performance of those companies.

This research aims at estimating the optimal size of government spending in Syria. The researcher used Armey curve methodology from the econometrics side, and the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) methodology from the statistical side. The study reviewed literature related to research at the national and regional level, where these studies shows that there is a non-linear relationship between government spending and economic growth, this relationship is inverted bell shape. The researcher used World Bank data on Syria in order to estimate the non-linear quadratic function between the government spending and the real economic growth. The results of the estimation are as expected. the sign of parameter of the rate of government spending is positive, while the sign of squared of the rate of government spending is negative and significant, which indicates that the relationship between growth and government spending in Syria can be represented by a parabola with an inverted bell shape (Armey Curve). The results also show that the optimal size of government spending is 16.5% and the limit of the positive impact of this spending is located within the domain [0.144, 0.2262]. The study recommend the financial and economic policy maker in Syria that they must keep the rate of government spending in this area, with the persistent attempt to oncoming the rate of the optimal size (16.5%).

The present study aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of macroeconomic policies on the participation rates of Egyptian women in the labor force, it has come to a set of results ;of which is the most important that macro-economic policies play an influential role at the level of participation of women in the labor force as well as the main female social indicators., the results obtained from statistical analysis of the data for the period from 1980 to 2010, said; confirmed that social public expenditure on education and health has a positive significant effect on the rates of women participation in the labor force The real interest rates positive significant effect, while the real exchange rate has a negative significant effect on the rates of women participation in the labor force, Also, the exports have significant and positive impact while imports have either significant and negative impact on the participation rates of women in Egyptian labor force.