The study aims to identify the readiness of Saudi civil Services agencies to identify and develop Future leaders from the point of view of the supervising mangers in those agencies. The study was conducted on 175 supervising managers who attended training courses at the Institute of Public Administration in 2019. The study found that the level of readiness of civil Services agencies to identify and develop future leaders in general is weak in the five study dimensions: attention to selecting leaders and training, evaluation of job performance, promotion requirements, and job descriptions. Where most supervising managers believe that government agencies do not meet the requirements and follow the important steps to identify and develop leaders. The study also found that the levels of readiness to discover future leadership are similar in all government agencies. Based on the results, the study presented a number of recommendations; the most important of which are: the need to enact a regulation of discovering and developing future leaders in government agencies.

This research aims to identify the impact of both manufacturing flexibility, strategic flexibility and the supply chain agility on the company's performance, as well as, to determine the mediating role of the supply chain agility in the relationship between the strategic flexibility, manufacturing flexibility and company performance in a number of food manufacturers in the Egyptian private sector; in order to reach this goal seven hypotheses were developed, and a survey list was designed by the researcher to collect the primary data that serve the research purpose. The Cronbach's Alpha confirmed the reliability of the research variables, the convergent validity of the parameters of the research variables was ascertained by using the Factor Analysis. By using the Path Analysis aimed at testing the research hypotheses and judging the quality of the overall fit of the proposed research model. The research found that there was a statistically significant positive effect of the strategic flexibility, manufacturing flexibility and supply chain agility on the company's performance. The research also acknowledges that the supply chain agility plays a partial mediating role between the strategic flexibility and the company's performance. In addition, the supply chain agility plays a partial mediating role between the manufacturing flexibility and the company's performance.

The research aims at measuring and analyzing the relationship between crude oil prices Volatility and the response of fiscal policy in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) during the period (1990 - 2017) using the NARDL model, as well as exploring the impact of a sharp decline in the price of crude oil on the response of fiscal policy in KSA. The research found that there is a long-term positive non-linear relationship between crude oil prices volatility in the international market and the response of the fiscal policy in KSA. A (1%) increase in oil price will lead to an (0.856%) increase in public expenditures, and if the price of oil falls with a rate of (1%), it will lead to a decrease in public expenditures by (0.816%). Moreover, a change in public revenues by (1%) will lead to a change in public expenditures by (0.986%). Likewise, a sharp decline in crude oil prices will lead to a decrease in public expenditures in KSA, which reach its peak after three seasons. Then, the state expenditures begin to increase reaching the equilibrium level, as it was before the oil price sharp decline.

This paper aims to explore key concepts in relation to corporate social responsibility (economic, legal, ethical, and discretionary attributes) and the  impact that the concept may have on consumer behaviour patterns, focusing specifically on brand loyalty of the  Saudi (does this need to be capital?) high street bank. Data was collected by using the online survey. Convenience sampling technique was used to get the response from the respondents.  224 questionnaires were returned with the rate of 44% response. A PLS-SEM approach was employed to test the hypotheses. The results revealed that three attributes of the CSR namely legal, ethical, and discretionary attributes found, significantly correlated with the brand loyalty of the high street bank customers. However, one attribute, namely economic,  was not found to be  statistically significant. The results of this study suggest that the high street banks operating in the KSA should focus more on the CSR attributes, particularly, legal, ethical, and discretionary attributes which significantly affect the customer brand loyalty.